A number of regulatory and scholarly reviews have evaluated the relative toxicity of glyphosate as an herbicide.
While glyphosate and formulations such as Roundup have been approved by regulatory bodies worldwide, concerns about their effects on humans and the environment have persisted. Roundup Ready soybean, the first Roundup Ready crop, also created by Monsanto), which allows farmers to use glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide against weeds. An increasing number of crops have been genetically engineered to be tolerant of glyphosate (e.g. It is therefore effective only on actively growing plants and is not effective as a pre-emergence herbicide.
It inhibits EPSP synthase, a plant enzyme involved in the synthesis of three aromatic amino acids: tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. Glyphosate is absorbed through foliage, and minimally through roots, and from there translocated to growing points. From the late 1970s to 2016, there was a 100-fold increase in the frequency and volume of application of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) worldwide, with further increases expected in the future. In 2007, glyphosate was the most used herbicide in the United States' agricultural sector and the second-most used (after 2,4-D) in home and garden, government and industry, and commercial applications. Monsanto's last commercially relevant United States patent expired in 2000.įarmers quickly adopted glyphosate for agricultural weed control, especially after Monsanto introduced glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready crops, enabling farmers to kill weeds without killing their crops. Monsanto brought it to market for agricultural use in 1974 under the trade name Roundup. Its herbicidal effectiveness was discovered by Monsanto chemist John E. It is used to kill weeds, especially annual broadleaf weeds and grasses that compete with crops. It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP).
Glyphosate ( IUPAC name: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant.
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